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« Characters in the Táin

Cúchulainn

Also spelled: Cú Chulainn, Cuchulain, Cuchullin, Cuchullain, Setanta, Hound of Ulster

The Hound of Culann

Sétanta, the Ulster boy-warrior who holds the four provinces of Ireland at the fords alone while the men of Ulster lie in their pangs.

Overview

Birth

Cúchulainn is born Sétanta, and the text gives him three fathers. In "How Cúchulainn was Begotten" Conchobor and the Ulstermen chase a flock of birds to the Brug, where they find a house and Conchobor's sister Deichtine delivers the householder's wife of a boy. The boy dies. Deichtine swallows a tiny creature in a drink, and in a dream Lug mac Ethnenn tells her the child is his. The men of Ulster say it might have been Conchobor himself, in his drunkenness. She is then married to Sualdam mac Roich, and Sétanta is born. Lug later calls himself "your father from the síde", and the boy gives his own name as "son of Sualdam and your sister Deichtine". The text does not choose between them. Kinsella's note says only that anomalies of timescale are ignored in order to give him a triple birth.

The heroes of Ulster quarrel over who will rear him. Morann gives him to Amargin and Finnchaem, with Sencha to teach him speech, Blai Briuga to provide for him, Fergus to take him on his knee and Conall Cernach as foster-brother.

Boyhood

Fergus tells the Connacht army what he did as a child. In his fifth year he walks to Emain with a toy shield and javelin, runs into the boy-troop without asking their protection, and lays out fifty of them before they reach the gate. He cannot sleep unless the level is the same under his head and feet, and the man who wakes him has his forehead driven into his brain. He kills a hound of Culann's with his bare hands, offers to be Culann's hound until a pup is reared, and Cathbad names him Cúchulainn. He takes up arms on a day Cathbad calls lucky for fame and short for life, and says that is a fair bargain. He kills the three sons of Nechta Scéne, drives back to Emain with a live stag, a flock of swans and three heads, and threatens to spill the blood of the court. The women of Emain go out naked to him, and the men plunge him into three vats, the first of which bursts. He sits on Conchobor's knee ever after.

Emer and Scáthach

He sees Emer at Luglochta Logo and says "I see a sweet country. I could rest my weapon there." She sets conditions, and her father Forgall tricks him into going to Alba to train. He crosses Scáthach's bridge in his warp-spasm, kills Cochar Cruibne, and holds his sword to Scáthach's heart until she promises him three things. He beats Aife by telling her that her horses and chariot have fallen into a valley, and leaves her with child. Back in Ireland he storms Forgall's fort and carries Emer off. He also kills his own son Connla at Tracht Esi, with the gae bolga, in the sea, against Emer's pleading.

On the Táin

Of the men of Ulster only he and Sualdam are free of the pangs. He leaves a spancel-hoop with an ogam message at Iraird Cuillenn and goes off to spend the night with Fedelm Noichride, though some say it was her bondmaid. When he gets up late he regrets it. Then he cuts the heads off Err, Innel and their two charioteers at Ath Gabla.

The rest is mostly ford-fighting. He drowns Fraech, takes Orlám's head, and kills Medb's squirrel and Ailill's bird with sling-stones. He proposes single combat, one man at the ford each day, which Fergus says will gain time for Ulster. Etarcomol he splits to the navel. Nadcranntail he beats with a spear thrown upward, wearing a false beard, and Ferbaeth with a holly splinter from his own foot. Láréne he squeezes until the ford is fouled, and Lóch he finishes with the gae bolga, up through the fundament. The Morrígan comes at him as an eel, a she-wolf and a heifer, and he breaks her ribs, eye and legs. Later she gives him milk from three teats as an old woman, and he heals her with a blessing without knowing her. "You said you would never heal me," she says. Lug puts him to sleep for three days, and while he sleeps the boy-troop from Emain is killed, all but Follamain. He wakes, puts on the harness, goes into the warp-spasm and kills in his Sixfold Slaughter a hundred and thirty kings.

He retreats before his foster-father Fergus, on condition that Fergus gives way to him on the day of the great Battle. Then comes Ferdia.

Ferdia and after

Cúchulainn does not want the fight and spends the night before it with Emer. He and Ferdia fight for four days. Each night they kiss, and send each other herbs for their wounds. On the fourth day he calls for the gae bolga, kills Ferdia and carries him north across the ford. His lament has a refrain: "All play, all sport, until Ferdia came to the ford."

He lies sick in Conaille while the armies move on. His father Sualdam dies carrying the news to Emain. In the last battle the bindings spring off him, he takes his chariot on his back, and tells Fergus the promise has fallen due. Fergus gives way. He finds Medb relieving herself and holds his hand, not being a killer of women. Ailill and Medb make peace, and Finnabair stays with him. Kinsella's note calls that last line part of the storyteller's final flourish, since the text had killed her off earlier.

“That is a fair bargain,” Cúchulainn said. “If I achieve fame I am content, though I had only one day on earth.”

Cúchulainn to Cathbad, in “The day for taking arms” (Chapter IV: Cúchulainn's Boyhood Deeds)